European Journal of Internal Medicine
Volume 18, Issue 2 , Pages 109-117 , March 2007

Acute phase proteins in patients with acute coronary syndrome: Correlations with diagnosis, clinical features, and angiographic findings

Received 19 January 2006 ,Revised 18 May 2006 ,Accepted 6 July 2006.

References 

  1. Lind L. Circulating markers of inflammation and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 2003;169:203–214
  2. Cusack MR, Marber MS, Lambiase PD, Bucknall CA, Redwood SR. Systemic inflammation in unstable angina is the result of myocardial necrosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39:1917–1923
  3. Zebrack JS, Anderson JL, Maycock CA, Horne BD, Bair TL, Muhlestein JB, et al. Usefulness of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in predicting long-term risk of death or acute myocardial infarction in patients with unstable or stable angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2002;89:145–149
  4. Abdelmouttaleb I, Danchin N, Ilardo C, Aimone-Gastin I, Angioi M, Lozniewski A, et al. C-Reactive protein and coronary artery disease: additional evidence of the implication of an inflammatory process in acute coronary syndromes. Am Heart J. 1999;137:346–351
  5. Fournier T, Medjoubi N, Porquet D. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000;1482:157–171
  6. Schultz DR, Arnold PI. Properties of four acute phase proteins: C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A protein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and fibrinogen. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1990;20:129–147
  7. Braeckman L, De Bacquer D, Delanghe J, Claeys L, De Backer G. Associations between haptoglobin polymorphism, lipids, lipoproteins and inflammatory variables. Atherosclerosis. 1999;143:383–388
  8. Langlois M, Delanghe J. Biological and clinical significance of haptoglobin polymorphism in humans. Clin Chem. 1996;46:1589–1600
  9. Menkes JH. Menkes disease and Wilson disease: two sides of the same copper coin. Part II: Wilson disease. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 1999;3:245–253
  10. Wallberg-Jonsson S, Johansson H, Ohman ML, Rantapaa-Dahlqvist S. Extent of inflammation predicts cardiovascular disease and overall mortality in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. A retrospective cohort study from disease onset. J Rheumatol. 1999;26:2562–2571
  11. Wolfe F, Freundlich B, Straus WL. Increase in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease prevalence in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2003;30:36–40
  12. Fischer LM, Schlienger RG, Matter C, Jick H, Meier CR. Effect of rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus on the risk of first-time acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2004;93:198–200
  13. Turesson C, Jarenros A, Jacobsson L. Increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from a community based study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63:952–955
  14. Engström G, Lind P, Hedblad B, Stavenow L, Janzan L, Lindgarde F. Effects of cholesterol and inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins on incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke in men. Circulation. 2002;105:2632–2637
  15. Ridker PM, Cushman M, Stampfer MJ, Tracy RP, Hennekens CH. Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:973–979
  16. Koenig W. Fibrin(ogen) in cardiovascular disease: an update. Thromb Haemost. 2003;89:601–609
  17. Albert CM, Ma J, Rifai N, Stempfer MJ, Ridker PM. Prospective study of C-reactive protein, homocysteine, and plasma lipid levels as predictors of sudden cardiac death. Circulation. 2002;105:2595–2599
  18. Kuller LH, Tracy RP, Shaten J, Meilahn EN. Relation of C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease in the MRFIT nested case–control study. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;144:537–547
  19. Ernst E, Koenig W. Fibrinogen and cardiovascular risk. Vasc Med. 1997;2:115–125
  20. Lind P, Hedblad B, Stavenow L, Janzan L, Eriksson KF, Lindgarde F. Influence of plasma fibrinogen levels on the incidence of myocardial infarction and death is modified by other inflammation-sensitive proteins: a long-term cohort study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001;21:452–458
  21. Engström G, Lind P, Hedblad B, Stavenow L, Janzan L, Lindgarde F. Long-term effects of inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins and systolic blood pressure on incidence of stroke. Stroke. 2002;33:2744–2749
  22. Engström G, Stavenow L, Hedblad B, Lind P, Eriksson KF, Janzan L, et al. Inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins, diabetes, and mortality and incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke: a population-based study. Diabetes. 2003;52:442–447
  23. Engström G, Hedblad B, Stavenow L, Tyden P, Lind P, Janzan L, et al. Fatality of future coronary events is related to Inflammation-Sensitive Plasma Proteins. A population-based prospective cohort study. Circulation. 2004;110:27–31
  24. Engström G, Lind P, Hedblad B, Wollmer P, Stavenow L, Janzan L, et al. Lung function and cardiovascular risk: relationship with Inflammation-Sensitive Plasma Proteins. Circulation. 2002;106:2555–2560
  25. Kuller LH, et al. for the MRFIT Research Group Relation of C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease in the MRFIT nested case–control study. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;144:537–547
  26. Held C, Hjemdahl P, Hakan Wallen N, Bjorkander I, Forslund L, Wiman B, et al. Inflammatory and hemostatic markers in relation to cardiovascular prognosis in patients with stable angina pectoris. Results from the APSIS study. Atherosclerosis. 2000;148:179–188
  27. Széplaki G, Prohászka Z, Duba J, Rugonfalvi-Kiss S, Karádi I, Kókai M, et al. Association of high serum concentration of the third component of complement (C3) with pre-existing severe coronary artery disease and new vascular events in women. Atherosclerosis. 2004;177:383–389
  28. Snyder S, Coodley EL, Durham BC, Pennock RS. Serum glycoproteins in coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1977;56:359–362
  29. Hansson GK, Holm J, Kral JG. Accumulation of IgG and complement factor C3 in human arterial endothelium and atherosclerotic lesions. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand. 1984;92:429–435
  30. Delanghe J, Cambier B, Langlois M, De Buyzere M, Neels H, De Bacquer D, et al. Haptoglobin polymorphism, a genetic risk factor in coronary artery bypass surgery. Atherosclerosis. 1997;132:215–219
  31. Lind P, Hedblad B, Stavenow L, Janzan L, Eriksson KF, Lindgarde F. Influence of plasma fibrinogen levels on the incidence of myocardial infarction and death is modified by other inflammation-sensitive proteins: a long-term cohort study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001;21:452–458
  32. Rohde LE, Hennekens CH, Ridker PM. Survey of C-reactive protein and cardiovascular risk factors in apparently healthy men. Am J Cardiol. 1999;84:1018–1022
  33. Muscari A, Massarelli G, Bastagli L, Poggiopollini G, Tomassetti V, Drago G, et al. Relationship of serum C3 to fasting insulin, risk factors and previous ischemic events in middle aged men. Eur Heart J. 2000;21:1081–1090
  34. Weyer C, Tataranni PA, Pratley RE. Insulin action and insulinemia are closely related to the fasting complement C3, but not acylation stimulating protein concentration. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:779–785
  35. Libby P. Molecular bases of the acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 1995;91:2844–2850
  36. Geertinger P, Sorensen H. Complement and arteriosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 1973;57:163–177
  37. Bhakdi S, Torzewski M, Klouche M, Hemmes M. Complement and atherogenesis: binding of CRP to degraded, nonoxidized LDL enhances complement activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999;19:2348–2354
  38. Oksjoki R, Kovanen PT, Pentikainen MO. Role of complement activation in atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2003;14:477–482
  39. Muscari A, Bozzoli C, Gerratana C, Zacà C, Rovinetti , Zauli D, et al. Associations of serum IgA and C4 with severe atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 1988;74:179–186
  40. Muscari A, Bozzoli C, Puddu GM, Garratana C, Zacà F, Rovinetti C, et al. Association of serum C3 levels with the risk of myocardial infarction. Am J Med. 1995;98:357–364
  41. Vlaicu R, Niculescu F, Rus HG, Cristea A. immunohisotchemical localization of terminal C5b-9 complement complex in human aortic fibrous plaque. Atherosclerosis. 1985;57:163–177
  42. Rus HG, Niculescu F, Costantinescu E, Cristea A, Vlaicu R. Immunoelectron-microscopic localization of the terminal C5b-9 complement complex in human atherosclerotic fibrous plaque. Atherosclerosis. 1986;61:35–42
  43. Niculescu F, Hugo F, Rus HG, Vlaicu R, Bhakdi S. Quantitative evaluation of the terminal C5b-9 complement complex by ELISA in human atherosclerotic arteries. Clin Exp Immunol. 1987;69:477–483
  44. Mayer MM. Membrane damage by complement. Johns Hopkins Med J. 1981;148:243–258
  45. Marder SR, Chenoweth DE, Goldstein IM, Perez HD. Chemotactic reponses of human peripheral blood monocytes to the complement-derived peptides C5a and C5a desArg. J Immunol. 1985;134:3325–3331
  46. Seifert PS, Hugo F, Hansson GK, Bhakdi S. Prelesional complement activation in experimental atherosclerosis. Terminal C5b-9 complement deposition coincides with cholesterol accumulation in the aortic intima of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Lab Invest. 1989;60:747–754
  47. Bozzoli C, Muscari A, Puddu GM, Vallar G, Renzi C, Miniero R, et al. Incremento dei livelli sierici di IgA e C4 nell'aterosclerosi: assenza di correlazione con il quadro arteriografico. Cardiologia. 1992;37:425–429
  48. Neri Serneri GG. Coronary thrombosis: plaque rupture or acute inflammatory reaction?. In:  Neri Serneri GG,  Gensini GF,  Abbate R,  Prisco D editor. Atherosclerosis inflammation and thrombosis. Florence Italy: Scientific Press; 1993;p. 185–200
  49. Hochberg I, Roguin A. Haptoglobin phenotype and coronary artery collaterals in diabetic patients. Atherosclerosis. 2002;161:441–446
  50. Benjamin LE, Hemo I, Keshet E. A plasticity window for blood vessel remodelling is defined by pericyte coverage of the preformed endothelial network and is regulated by PDGF-B and VEGF. Development. 1998;125:1591–1598
  51. Gwechenberger M, Mendoza LH, Youker KA, Frangogiannis NG, Wayne Smith C, Michael LH, et al. Cardiac myocytes produce Interleukin-6 in culture and in viable border zone of reperfused infarctions. Circulation. 1999;99:546–551
  52. Ono K, Matsumori A, Shioi T, Furukawa Y, Sasayama S. Cytokine gene expression after myocardial infarction in rat hearts: possible implication in left ventricular remodeling. Circulation. 1998;98:149–156

PII: S0953-6205(07)00002-7

doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2006.07.031

European Journal of Internal Medicine
Volume 18, Issue 2 , Pages 109-117 , March 2007

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution