European Journal of Internal Medicine
Volume 19, Issue 3 , Pages 165-172 , May 2008

Cardiac resynchronisation therapy: Evidence based benefits and patient selection

Received 20 March 2007 ,Revised 27 April 2007 ,Accepted 26 September 2007.

References 

  1. Kannel WB, Plehn JF, Cupples A. Cardiac failure and sudden death in the Framingham study. Am Heart J. 1988;115:869–875
  2. Khand A, Gemmel I, Clark AL, Cleland JGR. Is the prognosis of heart failure improving?. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:2284–2286
  3. Cleland JGF, Clark AL. Delivering the cumulative benefits of triple therapy in heart failure: too many cooks will spoil the broth. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:1234–1237
  4. The SOLVED Investigators . Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and congestive heart failure. NEJM. 1991;325:293–302
  5. COSENSUS . Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. NEJM. 1987;316:1429–1435
  6. CIBIS-II Investigators . The cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II. Lancet. 1999;353:9–13
  7. Packer M, Coats A, Fowler M, et al. COPERNICUS: effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. NEJM. 2001;344:1651–1658
  8. The MERIT-HF Study Group . Effects of controlled-release metoprolol on total mortality, hospitalization, and well being in patients with heart failure. JAMA. 2000;283:1295–1302
  9. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:709
  10. Cowburn PJ, Cleland JGF, Coats AJS, Komajda M. Risk stratification in chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 1998;19:696–710
  11. Baldasseroni S, Opasich C, Gorini M, et al. Left bundle branch block is associated with increased 1-year sudden and total mortality rate in 5517 outpatients with congestive heart failure. Am Heart J. 2002;143:398–405
  12. Aeronson KD, Schwatz JS, Chen TM, et al. Development and prospective validation of clinical index to predict survival in ambulatory patients referred for cardiac transplant evaluation. Circulation. 1997;95:2660–2667
  13. Auricchio A, Abraham WT. Cardiac resynchronization therapy: current state of the art. Cost versus benefit. Circulation. 2004;109:300–307
  14. Leόn AR, Abraham WT, Curtis AB, et al. Safety of transvenous cardiac resynchronization system implantation in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:2348–2356
  15. Saxon LA, Kerwin WF, Cahalan MK, et al. Acute effects of intraoperative multisite ventricular pacing on left ventricular function and activation/contraction sequence in patients with depressed ventricular function. J Cardiovasc Electrophysio. 1998;9:13–21
  16. Kass DA, Chen CH, Curry C, et al. Improved left ventricular mechanics from acute VDD pacing in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and ventricular conduction delay. Circulation. 1999;99:1567–1573
  17. Gras D, Mabo P, Tang ASL, et al. Multisite pacing as supplemental treatment of congestive heart failure: preliminary results of the Medtronic Inc. InSync study. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1998;6:171–184
  18. Bakker PF, Meijburg HW, de Vries JW, et al. Biventricular pacing in end-stage heart failure improves functional capacity and left ventricular function. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2000;4:395–404
  19. Auricchio A, Stelbrink C, Sack S, et al. Long-term benefit as a result of pacing resynchronization in congestive heart failure: results of the PATH-CHF trial. Circulation. 2000;102:II–693A
  20. Bax JJ, Abraham T, Barold SS, et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy. Issues before device implantation. JACC. 2005;46:2153–2167
  21. Linde C, Leclerc C, Rex S, et al. Long-term benefit of biventricular pacing in congestive heart failure: results from the Multisite Stimulation in Cardiomyopathy (MUSTIC) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40:111–118
  22. Abraham WT, Fisher WG, Smith AL, et al. MIRACLE study group. Cardiac resynchronization in chronic heart failure. NEJM. 2002;346(24):1845–1853
  23. Higgins SL, Hummel JD, Niazi IK, et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy for the treatment of heart failure in patients with intraventricular conduction delay and malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias. JACC. 2003;42:1454–1459
  24. Young JB, Abraham WT, Smith AL, et al. Combined cardiac resynchronization and implantable cardioversion defibrillation in advanced chronic heart failure: the MIRACLE ICD trial. JAMA. 2003;289:2685–2694
  25. Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2140–2150
  26. Cleland JGF, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, Fremantle N, Gras D, Kappenberger L, et al. Cardiac Resynchronization in Heart Failure study (CARE-HF) Study investigators. The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. NEJM. 2005;352:1539–1549
  27. Tang ASL, Ellenbogen KA. A futuristic perspective on clinical studies of cardiac resynchronization therapy for heart failure patients. Curr Opin Cardio. 2006;21:78–82
  28. Ellenbogen KA, Wood MA, Klein HU. Why should we care about CARE-HF?. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:2199–2203
  29. Reuter S, Garrigue S, Barold SS, et al. Comparisons of characteristics in responders versus nonresponders with biventricular pacing for drug-resistant congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2002;89:346–350
  30. Kass DM. Predicting cardiac resynchronization response by QRS duration. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:2125–2127
  31. Linde C, Braunschweig F, Gadler F, Bailleul C, Daubert JC. Long-term improvement in quality of life by biventricular pacing in patients with chronic heart failure: results from the MUSTIC study. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91:1090–1095
  32. Aranda JM, Conti JB, Johnson JW, et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure and conduction abnormalities other than left bundle-branch block: analysis of the Multicenter InSync Randomized Clinical Evaluation (MIRACLE). Clin Cardiol. Dec 2004;27(12):678–682
  33. Kadhiresan V, Vogt J, Auricchio A, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of QRS duration to predict acute benefit in heart failure patients with cardiac resynchronization. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2000;23((II):555;Abstract
  34. Bax JJ, Mohoek SG, Marwick TJ, et al. Left ventricular dyssynchrony predicts benefit of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with end-stage heart failure before pacemaker implantation. Am J Cardiol. 2003;92:1238–1240
  35. Achilli A, Sassara M, Ficili S, et al. Long-term effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with refractory heart failure and “narrow” QRS duration. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:2117–2124
  36. Cleland JGF, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, et al. The CARE-HF study (Cardiac Resynchronization in Heart Failure study): rationale, design and end-points. Eur J Heart Fail. 2001;3:481–489
  37. Yu CM, Fung WH, Lin H, et al. Predictors of left ventricular reverse remodelling after cardiac resynchronization therapy for heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated or ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91:684–688
  38. Sogaard P, Egeblad H, Kim WY, et al. Tissue doppler imaging predicts improved systolic performance and reverse left venticular remodelling during long-term cardiac resynchronization therapy. JACC. 2002;40:723–730
  39. Bleeker GB, Holman ER, Steendijk P, et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with a narrow QRS complex. JACC. 2006;48:2243–2250
  40. Yu CM, Chan YS, Zhang Q, et al. Benefits of cardiac resynchronization therapy for heart failure patients with narrow QRS complexes and coexisting systolic asynchrony by echocardiography. JACC. 2006;48:2251–2257

PII: S0953-6205(07)00259-2

doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2007.09.012

European Journal of Internal Medicine
Volume 19, Issue 3 , Pages 165-172 , May 2008