European Journal of Internal Medicine
Volume 20, Issue 1 , Pages 74-79 , January 2009

Hyperuricemia in acute heart failure. More than a simple spectator?

Received 4 October 2007 ,Revised 17 February 2008 ,Accepted 27 April 2008.

References 

  1. Fang J, Alderman MH. Serum uric acid and cardiovascular mortality the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study, 1971–1992. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA. 2000;283:2404–2410
  2. Culleton BF, Larson MG, Kannel WB, Levy D. Serum uric acid and risk for cardiovascular disease and death: the Framingham Heart Study. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:7–13
  3. Baker JF, Krishnan E, Chen L, Schumacher HR. Serum uric acid and cardiovascular disease: recent developments, and where do they leave us?. Am J Med. 2005;118:816–826
  4. Niskanen LK, Laaksonen DE, Nyyssonen K, Alfthan G, Lakka HM, Lakka TA, et al. Uric acid level as a risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in middle-aged men: A prospective cohort study. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:1546–1551
  5. Leyva F, Anker SD, Godsland IF, Teixeira M, Hellewell PG, Kox WJ, et al. Uric acid in chronic heart failure: a marker of chronic inflammation. Eur Heart J. 1998;19:1814–1822
  6. Leyva F, Anker S, Swan JW, Godsland IF, Wingrove CS, Chua TP, et al. Serum uric acid as an index of impaired oxidative metabolism in chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 1997;18:858–865
  7. Hoeper MM, Hohlfeld JM, Fabel H. Hyperuricaemia in patients with right or left heart failure. Eur Respir J. 1999;13:682–685
  8. Olexa P, Olexova M, Gonsorcik J, Tkac I, Kisel'ova J, Olejnikova M. Uric acid—a marker for systemic inflammatory response in patients with congestive heart failure?. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2002;114:211–215
  9. Anker SD, Leyva F, Poole-Wilson PA, Kox WJ, Stevenson JC, Coats AJ. Relation between serum uric acid and lower limb blood flow in patients with chronic heart failure. Heart. 1997;78:39–43
  10. Kanellis J, Kang DH. Uric acid as a mediator of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and vascular disease. Semin Nephrol. 2005;25:39–42
  11. Jankowska EA, Ponikowska B, Majda J, Zymlinski R, Trzaska M, Reczuch K, et al. Hyperuricaemia predicts poor outcome in patients with mild to moderate chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol. 2007;115:151–155
  12. Anker SD, Doehner W, Rauchhaus M, Sharma R, Francis D, Knosalla C, et al. Uric acid and survival in chronic heart failure: Validation and application in metabolic, functional, and hemodynamic staging. Circulation. 2003;107:1991–1997
  13. Sakai H, Tsutamoto T, Tsutsui T, Tanaka T, Ishikawa C, Horie M. Serum level of uric acid, partly secreted from the failing heart, is a prognostic marker in patients with congestive heart failure. Circ J. 2006;70:1006–1011
  14. Nieminen MS, Bohm M, Cowie MR, Drexler H, Filippatos GS, Jondeau G. Executive summary of the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of acute heart failure: the Task Force on Acute Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:384–416
  15. Romano PS, Roos LL, Jollis JG. Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative data: Differing perspectives. J Clin Epidemiol. 1993;46:1075–1079
  16. Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, Greene T, Rogers N, Roth D. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: A new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:461–470
  17. Royston P, Sauerbrei W. A new measure of prognostic separation in survival data. Stat Med. 2004;23:723–748
  18. Royston P, Altman DG, Sauerbrei W. Dichotomizing continuous predictors in multiple regression: a bad idea. Stat Med. 2006;25:127–141
  19. Hare JM, Johnson RJ. Uric acid predicts clinical outcomes in heart failure: Insights regarding the role of xanthine oxidase and uric acid in disease pathophysiology. Circulation. 2003;107:1951–1953
  20. Cappola TP, Kass DA, Nelson GS, Berger RD, Rosas GO, Kobeissi ZA, et al. Allopurinol improves myocardial efficiency in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2001;104:2407–2411
  21. Landmesser U, Spiekermann S, Dikalov S, Tatge H, Wilke R, Kohler C, et al. Vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic heart failure: role of xanthine-oxidase and extracellular superoxide dismutase. Circulation. 2002;106:3073–3078
  22. Cai H, Harrison DG. Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: The role of oxidant stress. Circ Res. 2000;87:840–844
  23. Dawson J, Walters M. Uric acid and xanthine oxidase: future therapeutic targets in the prevention of cardiovascular disease?. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;
  24. Leyva F, Chua TP, Anker SD, Coats AJ. Uric acid in chronic heart failure: A measure of the anaerobic threshold. Metabolism. 1998;47:1156–1159
  25. Woolliscroft JO, Colfer H, Fox IH. Hyperuricemia in acute illness: A poor prognostic sign. Am J Med. 1982;72:58–62
  26. Cengel A, Turkoglu S, Turfan M, Boyaci B. Serum uric acid levels as a predictor of in-hospital death in patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure. Acta Cardiol. 2005;60:489–492
  27. Farquharson CA, Butler R, Hill A, Belch JJ, Struthers AD. Allopurinol improves endothelial dysfunction in chronic heart failure. Circulation. 2002;106:221–226
  28. Doehner W, Schoene N, Rauchhaus M, Leyva-Leon F, Pavitt DV, Reaveley DA, et al. Effects of xanthine oxidase inhibition with allopurinol on endothelial function and peripheral blood flow in hyperuricemic patients with chronic heart failure: Results from 2 placebo-controlled studies. Circulation. 2002;105:2619–2624
  29. Gavin AD, Struthers AD. Allopurinol reduces B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations and haemoglobin but does not alter exercise capacity in chronic heart failure. Heart. 2005;91:707–709
  30. Struthers AD, Donnan PT, Lindsay P, McNaughton D, Broomhall J, MacDonald TM. Effect of allopurinol on mortality and hospitalisations in chronic heart failure: a retrospective cohort study. Heart. 2002;87:229–234
  31. Hare JM. Efficacy and safety study of oxypurinol added to standard therapy in patients with NYHA class 3–4 CHF (OPT-CHF). In: heart failure of America 2006 Scientific Meeting. Septemebr 13 2006;Seattle, WA

 This study was supported by Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, RED HERACLES RD06/0009/1001 (Madrid, Spain).

PII: S0953-6205(08)00139-8

doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2008.04.007

European Journal of Internal Medicine
Volume 20, Issue 1 , Pages 74-79 , January 2009