European Journal of Internal Medicine
Volume 20, Issue 4 , Pages 387-393 , July 2009

Long-term outcome of patients with macroprolactinomas initially treated with dopamine agonists

Received 23 June 2008 ,Revised 9 October 2008 ,Accepted 16 November 2008.

References 

  1. Ciccarelli A, Daly AF, Beckers A. The epidemiology of prolactinomas. Pituitary. 2005;8:3–6
  2. Daly AF, Rixhon M, Adam C, Dempegioti A, Tichomirowa MA, Beckers A. High prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a cross-sectional study in the province of Liege, Belgium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:4769–4775
  3. Schlechte JA. Clinical practice. Prolactinoma. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:2035–2041
  4. Aron DC, Howlett TA. Pituitary incidentalomas. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2000;29:205–221
  5. Gillam MP, Molitch ME, Lombardi G, Colao A. Advances in the treatment of prolactinomas. Endocr Rev. 2006;27:485–534
  6. Casanueva FF, Molitch ME, Schlechte JA, Abs R, Bonert V, Bronstein MD, et al. Guidelines of the Pituitary Society for the diagnosis and management of prolactinomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2006;65:265–273
  7. Bevan JS, Webster J, Burke CW, Scanlon MF. Dopamine agonists and pituitary tumor shrinkage. Endocr Rev. 1992;13:220–240
  8. Verhelst J, Abs R, Maiter D, van den BA, Vandeweghe M, Velkeniers B, et al. Cabergoline in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia: a study in 455 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:2518–2522
  9. Molitch ME. Medical management of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. Pituitary. 2002;5:55–65
  10. Schlechte JA. Long-term management of prolactinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:2861–2865
  11. Hamilton DK, Vance ML, Boulos PT, Laws ER. Surgical outcomes in hyporesponsive prolactinomas: analysis of patients with resistance or intolerance to dopamine agonists. Pituitary. 2005;8:53–60
  12. Losa M, Mortini P, Barzaghi R, Gioia L, Giovanelli M. Surgical treatment of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas: early results and long-term outcome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:3180–3186
  13. Ferrari C, Paracchi A, Mattei AM, de VS, D'Alberton A, Crosignani P. Cabergoline in the long-term therapy of hyperprolactinemic disorders. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1992;126:489–494
  14. Cannavo S, Curto L, Squadrito S, Almoto B, Vieni A, Trimarchi F. Cabergoline: a first-choice treatment in patients with previously untreated prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma. J Endocrinol Invest. 1999;22:354–359
  15. Di Sarno A, Landi ML, Marzullo P, Di Somma C, Pivonello R, Cerbone G, et al. The effect of quinagolide and cabergoline, two selective dopamine receptor type 2 agonists, in the treatment of prolactinomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2000;53:53–60
  16. Passos VQ, Souza JJ, Musolino NR, Bronstein MD. Long-term follow-up of prolactinomas: normoprolactinemia after bromocriptine withdrawal. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:3578–3582
  17. Colao A, Di Sarno A, Cappabianca P, Di Somma C, Pivonello R, Lombardi G. Withdrawal of long-term cabergoline therapy for tumoral and nontumoral hyperprolactinemia. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:2023–2033
  18. Chattopadhyay A, Bhansali A, Masoodi SR. Long-term efficacy of bromocriptine in macroprolactinomas and giant prolactinomas in men. Pituitary. 2005;8:147–154
  19. Berinder K, Stackenas I, Akre O, Hirschberg AL, Hulting AL. Hyperprolactinaemia in 271 women: up to three decades of clinical follow-up. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005;63:450–455
  20. Wu ZB, Yu CJ, Su ZP, Zhuge QC, Wu JS, Zheng WM. Bromocriptine treatment of invasive giant prolactinomas involving the cavernous sinus: results of a long-term follow up. J Neurosurg. 2006;104:54–61
  21. Kars M, Roelfsema F, Romijn JA, Pereira AM. Malignant prolactinoma: case report and review of the literature. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006;155:523–534
  22. Colao A, Di Sarno A, Landi ML, Scavuzzo F, Cappabianca P, Pivonello R, et al. Macroprolactinoma shrinkage during cabergoline treatment is greater in naive patients than in patients pretreated with other dopamine agonists: a prospective study in 110 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:2247–2252
  23. Colao A, Di Sarno A, Landi ML, Cirillo S, Sarnacchiaro F, Facciolli G, et al. Long-term and low-dose treatment with cabergoline induces macroprolactinoma shrinkage. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:3574–3579
  24. Colao A, Vitale G, Cappabianca P, Briganti F, Ciccarelli A, De Rosa M, et al. Outcome of cabergoline treatment in men with prolactinoma: effects of a 24-month treatment on prolactin levels, tumor mass, recovery of pituitary function, and semen analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:1704–1711
  25. Molitch ME, Elton RL, Blackwell RE, Caldwell B, Chang RJ, Jaffe R, et al. Bromocriptine as primary therapy for prolactin-secreting macroadenomas: results of a prospective multicenter study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985;60:698–705
  26. Van 't Verlaat JW, Croughs RJ, Hendriks MJ, Bosma NJ. Results of primary treatment with bromocriptine of prolactinomas with extrasellar extension. Can J Neurol Sci. 1990;17:71–73
  27. Van 't Verlaat JW, Croughs RJ. Withdrawal of bromocriptine after long-term therapy for macroprolactinomas; effect on plasma prolactin and tumour size. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1991;34:175–178
  28. Homburg R, West C, Brownell J, Jacobs HS. A double-blind study comparing a new non-ergot, long-acting dopamine agonist, CV 205-502, with bromocriptine in women with hyperprolactinaemia. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1990;32:565–571
  29. Schultz PN, Ginsberg L, McCutcheon IE, Samaan N, Leavens M, Gagel RF. Quinagolide in the management of prolactinoma. Pituitary. 2000;3:239–249
  30. Colao A, De Rosa M, Sarnacchiaro F, Di Sarno A, Landi ML, Iervolino E, et al. Chronic treatment with CV 205-502 restores the gonadal function in hyperprolactinemic males. Eur J Endocrinol. 1996;135:548–552
  31. Van der Lely AJ, Brownell J, Lamberts SW. The efficacy and tolerability of CV 205-502 (a nonergot dopaminergic drug) in macroprolactinoma patients and in prolactinoma patients intolerant to bromocriptine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991;72:1136–1141
  32. Vance ML, Lipper M, Klibanski A, Biller BM, Samaan NA, Molitch ME. Treatment of prolactin-secreting pituitary macroadenomas with the long-acting non-ergot dopamine agonist CV 205-502. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:668–673
  33. Van 't Verlaat JW, Croughs RJ, Brownell J. Treatment of macroprolactinomas with a new non-ergot, long-acting dopaminergic drug, CV 205-502. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1990;33:619–624
  34. Di Sarno A, Landi ML, Cappabianca P, Di Salle F, Rossi FW, Pivonello R, et al. Resistance to cabergoline as compared with bromocriptine in hyperprolactinemia: prevalence, clinical definition, and therapeutic strategy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:5256–5261
  35. Colao A, Di Sarno A, Sarnacchiaro F, Ferone D, Di Renzo G, Merola B, et al. Prolactinomas resistant to standard dopamine agonists respond to chronic cabergoline treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:876–883
  36. Molitch ME. Pharmacologic resistance in prolactinoma patients. Pituitary. 2005;8:43–52
  37. Biermasz NR, Van Dulken H, Roelfsema F. Ten-year follow-up results of transsphenoidal microsurgery in acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:4596–4602
  38. Pereira AM, van Aken MO, Van Dulken H, Schutte PJ, Biermasz NR, Smit JW, et al. Long-term predictive value of postsurgical cortisol concentrations for cure and risk of recurrence in Cushing's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:5858–5864
  39. Laws ER, Sheehan JP, Sheehan JM, Jagnathan J, Jane JA, Oskouian R. Stereotactic radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas: a review of the literature. J Neurooncol. 2004;69:257–272
  40. Minniti G, Traish D, Ashley S, Gonsalves A, Brada M. Fractionated stereotactic conformal radiotherapy for secreting and nonsecreting pituitary adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2006;64:542–548
  41. Tsang RW, Brierley JD, Panzarella T, Gospodarowicz MK, Sutcliffe SB, Simpson WJ. Role of radiation therapy in clinical hormonally-active pituitary adenomas. Radiother Oncol. 1996;41:45–53
  42. Becker G, Kocher M, Kortmann RD, Paulsen F, Jeremic B, Muller RP, et al. Radiation therapy in the multimodal treatment approach of pituitary adenoma. Strahlenther Onkol. 2002;178:173–186
  43. Kars M, Delgado V, Holman ER, Feelders RA, Smit JW, Romijn JA, et al. Aortic valve calcification and mild tricuspid regurgitation but no clinical heart disease after 8 years of dopamine agonist therapy for prolactinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:3348–3356
  44. Kars M, Pereira AM, Bax JJ, Romijn JA. Cabergoline and cardiac valve disease in prolactinoma patients: additional studies during long-term treatment are required. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008;159:363–367

PII: S0953-6205(08)00318-X

doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2008.11.012

European Journal of Internal Medicine
Volume 20, Issue 4 , Pages 387-393 , July 2009