Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most commonly prescribed medicines and
overuse is widespread in both primary and secondary care [
[1]
]. Although generally well tolerated, PPIs can cause serious adverse reactions, such
as community-acquired pneumonia, Clostridium difficile diarrhea [
[2]
] or hip fractures [
3
,
4
] and have been reported to increase all-cause mortality [
[5]
]. PPI-associated hypomagnesemia is a rare but potentially life-threatening side-effect
that has recently emerged as a consequence of their massive use, but the prevalence
has not been established [
6
,
7
,
8
]. Long duration of PPI use has been suggested as a probable risk factor, but causality
has not been established. No single indication for PPI use or dosage has been associated
with hypomagnesemia and the risk of concomitant consumption of diuretics, which could
contribute to the development of hypomagnesemia [
7
,
8
], is also not clear.Keywords
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References
- Overprescribing proton pump inhibitors.BMJ. 2008; 336: 2-3
- Reported side effects and complications of long-term proton pump inhibitor use: dissecting the evidence.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013; 11: 458-464
- Use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of osteoporosis related fractures.CMAJ. 2008; 179: 319-326
- Safety of proton pump inhibitor exposure.Gastroenterology. 2010 Oct; 139: 1115-1127
- Proton pump inhibitors and risk of 1-year mortality and rehospitalization in older patients discharged from acute care hospitals.JAMA Intern Med. 2013; 173: 518-523
- Hypomagnesemia and proton pump inhibitors: below the tip of the iceberg.Arch Intern Med. 2011 Aug 8; 171: 1391-1392
- Proton pump inhibitors and severe hypomagnesaemia.Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2011; 27: 180-185
- Proton pump inhibitors and hospitalization with hypomagnesemia: a population-based case–control study.PLoS Med. 2014; 11
- The association between the use of proton pump inhibitors and the risk of hypomagnesemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS One. 2014 Nov; 13: 9(11)
- Proton pump inhibitors and hypomagnesemia in polymorbid elderly adults.J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015 Jan; 63: 179-180
Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 09, 2015
Accepted:
June 29,
2015
Received:
June 25,
2015
Identification
Copyright
© 2015 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
