The recent Guidelines of heart failure (HF) of the European Society of Cardiology
(ESC) propose an emerging classification of HF according to left ventricular ejection
fraction (LVEF) [
[1]
]. Namely, patients with LVEF between 40 and 50% are classified in an intermediate
group termed HF with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF). Although the authors acknowledge
that this subtle distinction may account for important differences in underlying aetiologies,
demographics, co-morbidities and response to therapies [
- Ponikowski P.
- Voors A.A.
- Anker S.D.
- Bueno H.
- Cleland J.G.
- Coats A.J.
- et al.
Authors/Task Force Members; Document Reviewers. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis
and treatment of acute and chronic heartfailure: the Task Force for the diagnosis
and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology
(ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA)
of the ESC.
Eur J Heart Fail. 2016; 18: 891-975
[2]
], the group, as a whole, is suggested as a mild systolic dysfunction with features
of diastolic dysfunction (sic).Keyword
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References
- Authors/Task Force Members; Document Reviewers. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heartfailure: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.Eur J Heart Fail. 2016; 18: 891-975
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- Microvascular endothelial dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.Heart. 2016; 102: 257-259
- Defining HFpEF: where do we draw the line?.Eur Heart J. 2016; 37: 463-465
- Connecting heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and renal dysfunction: the role of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation.Eur J Heart Fail. 2016; 18: 588-598
- A novel paradigm for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: comorbidities drive myocardial dysfunction and remodeling through coronary microvascular endothelial inflammation.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013; 62: 263-271
- Multimorbidity in heart failure: a community perspective.Am J Med. 2015; 128: 38-45
- Clinical implications of chronic heart failure phenotypes defined by cluster analysis.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 64: 1765-1774
Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 01, 2017
Accepted:
February 16,
2017
Received in revised form:
January 8,
2017
Received:
November 14,
2016
Identification
Copyright
© 2017 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
