Highlights
- •Vasculitis is a multisystemic disease reaching vessels of different sizes.
- •Ideally, when suspected, a biopsy should confirm the diagnosis.
- •Treatment is based on two stages: induction and maintenance.
- •Glucocorticoids are generally used.
- •Methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, rituximab or azathioprine should also be considered.
Abstract
Vasculitis is characterized by inflammation of the vascular wall. It reaches vessels
of different sizes and locations, conditioning multisystem and complex manifestations
that require a holistic approach.
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis has an annual incidence
rate of 20 per million inhabitants. It is the result of the interaction of infectious,
genetic and environmental factors and manifest itself with varied and unspecific symptoms,
often reaching the general state, respiratory and renal systems. The combination of
clinical, laboratory, imaging and fundamentally histological changes allows the diagnosis
and classification of the extent / severity of the disease necessary for the decision
of the therapeutics to be taken. Glucocorticoids are generally used; with methotrexate
being considered when localized disease and cyclophosphamide, rituximab or azathioprine
when generalized disease.
A systematized approach can increase survival rates from 12% to 70% over a 5-year
span.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 29, 2020
Accepted:
January 16,
2020
Received in revised form:
January 14,
2020
Received:
August 10,
2019
Identification
Copyright
© 2020 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
