HIGHLIGHTS
- •Temporary inferior vena cava filters are not always retrieved
- •We assessed reasons for non-retrieval of temporary filters and long-term outcomes
- •The main reason that precluded filter retrieval was lack of planning / follow-up In HIGHLIGHTS: long-term outcomes
- •Most patients with indwelling filters die of cancer
- •In patients with indwelling filters anticoagulation is not related to survival
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Temporary inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are not always retrieved. Information
about long-term outcomes of patients with indwelling filters is scarce. Aims of our
study were to assess reasons that preclude retrieval of temporary IVC filters and
long-term outcomes and causes of death in patients with indwelling filters.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study including all consecutive patients undergoing IVC
filter insertion from January 2009 through December 2018. Patients with permanent
filters and those with temporary filters not retrieved were followed from insertion
until June 2020.
RESULTS: We included 271 patients with a mean age of 63.8 years. The main indication for filter
insertion was acute venous thromboembolism and contraindication for anticoagulation
(83%). The filter was deemed as permanent in 24.4% of patients and temporary in 75.6%.
Sixty six percent of temporary filters were retrieved; the main cause of non-retrieval
was lack of planning / follow-up (57.9%). One hundred twelve patients (41.3%) remained
with indwelling filters. After follow-up, 54.5% were alive and 45.5% had died, with
a median survival time of 6.19 (95% CI, 2.63-9.75) years. The most frequent cause
of death during follow-up was cancer (49%). The frequency of anticoagulant therapy
was similar in both groups (57.4%% versus 54.9%).
CONCLUSIONS: The main preventable cause of non-retrieval of temporary IVC filters was lack of
planning / follow-up. Structured follow-up programs should be implemented to increase
retrieval rates. In patients with indwelling filters, the main cause of death was
cancer and extended anticoagulation was not associated with survival.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 06, 2021
Accepted:
December 30,
2020
Received in revised form:
December 23,
2020
Received:
October 20,
2020
Footnotes
Abstract presented at the XXVI ISTH (International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis) Congress 2017, from July 8 to 13. Berlin, Germany.
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
