Globally, 55 million people suffer from dementia, mainly Alzheimer's disease (60–70%
of cases), and over 60% of patients live in low- or middle-income countries. This
number is estimated to rise to 78 million in 2030 and 139 million in 2050, and over
70% of new cases will occur in poorer countries, with huge socioeconomic costs for
affected individuals, their relatives, and governments [
[1]
]. People with chronic kidney disease (CKD), as defined by an estimated glomerular
filtration rate [eGFR] lower than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, or eGFR ≥ 60 plus a marker of kidney damage (albuminuria, abnormal kidney ultrasound
scan, etc.) [
[2]
] have a significantly higher risk for cognitive impairment compared to the general
population [
[3]
]. As the global prevalence of CKD is as high as 13.4% (i.e. over 700 million people)
[
[4]
], it is hardly surprising that there is a great interest in the primary and secondary
prevention of dementia worldwide.To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to European Journal of Internal MedicineAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017–25. 2017; (Available at https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/global-action-plan-on-the-public-health-response-to-dementia-2017-2025 Accessed on 08/05/2022)
- Evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2012 clinical practice guideline.Ann Intern Med. 2013; 158: 825-830
- Cognitive impairment in CKD: pathophysiology, management, and prevention.American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2019; 74: 782-790
- Global prevalence of chronic kidney disease - a systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS ONE. 2016; 11 (e0158765-e)
- Intensive blood pressure control on dementia in patients with chronic kidney disease: potential reduction in disease burden.Eur J Intern Med. 2022; 101: 8-13https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2022.04.015
- A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control.N Engl J Med. 2015; 373: 2103-2116
- Effect of intensive vs standard blood pressure control on probable dementia: a randomized clinical trial.JAMA. 2019; 321: 553-561
- Kidney disease, intensive hypertension treatment, and risk for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: the systolic blood pressure intervention trial.J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020; 31: 2122-2132
- Effects of intensive versus standard blood pressure control on domain-specific cognitive function: a substudy of the SPRINT randomised controlled trial.Lancet Neurol. 2020; 19: 899-907
- Association of intensive vs standard blood pressure control with cerebral white matter lesions.JAMA. 2019; 322: 524-534
- Diabetic kidney disease: challenges, progress, and possibilities.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017; 12: 2032-2045
- Traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors in dialysis patients compared with the general population: the CHOICE Study.J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002; 13: 1918-1927
- Influence of baseline diastolic blood pressure on the effect of lowering systolic blood pressure on mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia.American Society of Nephrology, 2021 (Kidney Week 2021 Abstract TH-OR46 Available at) (Accessed on 09/05/2022)
- The kidney disease: improving kidney outcomes (KDIGO) SG. KDIGO 2021 Clinical Practice guideline for the management of blood pressure in chronic kidney disease.Kidney Int. 2021; 99: S1-s87
- Tight blood pressure control in chronic kidney disease.J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2022; 9: 139
- Benefits of more intensive versus less intensive blood pressure control. Updated trial sequential analysis.Eur J Intern Med. 2022;
- Effects of intensive blood pressure control on mortality and cardiorenal function in chronic kidney disease patients.Ren Fail. 2021; 43: 811-820
- Age-stratified and blood-pressure-stratified effects of blood-pressure-lowering pharmacotherapy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis.Lancet. 2021; 398: 1053-1064
- Blood pressure goals and targets in the elderly.Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2015; 17: 394
- Characterizing frailty status in the systolic blood pressure intervention trial.J Gerontol. 2016; 71: 649-655
Article info
Publication history
Published online: May 29, 2022
Accepted:
May 24,
2022
Received:
May 15,
2022
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
