Combination therapy as a first step of treatment in diabetes: Changing the paradigm in KDIGO guidelines?

References

1. • Whelton P.K.
   • Committee W.
   • Carey R.M.
   • et al.
   2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults.
   J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017; 2017: 735-1097
   View in Article

   • Google Scholar
2. • Williams B.
   • Mancia G.
   • Desormais I.
   • et al.
   2018 ESC/ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension.
   Eur Heart J. 2018; 39: 3021-3104
   View in Article

   • Google Scholar
3. • Nerenberg K.A.
   • Zarnke K.B.
   • Leung A.A.
   • et al.
   Hypertension Canada's 2018 guidelines for diagnosis, risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of hypertension in adults and children.
   Can J Cardiol. 2018; 34: 506-525
   View in Article

   • Google Scholar
4. • Task Force of the Latin American Society of Hypertension
   Guidelines on the management of arterial hypertension and related comorbidities in Latin America.
   J Hypertens. 2017; 35: 1529-1545
   View in Article

   • Google Scholar

5. National Clinical Guideline Centre (UK). Hypertension: clinical management of primary hypertension in adults (NICE Clinical Guideline 127). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK83274/. Accessed.

   View in Article

   • Google Scholar
6. • Jamerson K.
   • Weber M.A.
   • Bakris G.L.
   • et al.
   Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients.
   N Engl J Med. 2008; 359: 2417-2428
   View in Article

   • Google Scholar
7. • American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee
   Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: standards of medical care in diabetes-2022.
   Diabetes Care. 2022; 45 (1 January): S125-S143
   View in Article

   • Google Scholar
8. • Abdul-Ghani M.A.
   • Puckett C.
   • Triplitt C.
   • et al.
   Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT): a randomized trial.
   Diabetes Obes Metab. 2015; 17: 268-275
   View in Article

   • Google Scholar
9. • Phung O.J.
   • Sobieraj D.M.
   • Engel S.S.
   • Rajpathak S.N.
   Early combination therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis.
   Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014; 16: 410-417
   View in Article

   • Google Scholar
10. • Matthews D.R.
    • Paldánius P.M.
    • Proot P.
    • Chiang Y.
    • Stumvoll M.
    • VERIFY study group
    Glycaemic durability of an early combination therapy with vildagliptin and metformin versus sequential metformin monotherapy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (VERIFY): a 5-year, multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial.
    Lancet. 2019; 394: 1519-1529
    View in Article

    • Google Scholar
11. • de Boer I.H.
    • Khunti K.
    • Sadusky T.
    • Tuttle K.R.
    • Neumiller J.J.
    • Rhee C.M.
    • Rosas S.E.
    • Rossing P.
    • Bakris G.
    Diabetes management in chronic kidney disease: a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO).
    Diabetes Care. 2022; (dci220027)https://doi.org/10.2337/dci22-0027
    View in Article

    • Google Scholar
12. • Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Diabetes Work Group
    KDIGO 2022 clinical practice guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease.
    Kidney Int. 2022; 102: S1-S127
    View in Article

    • Google Scholar
13. • Matthews D.R.
    • Paldánius P.M.
    • Proot P.
    • Chiang Y.
    • Stumvoll M.
    • Del Prato S.
    • VERIFY study group
    Glycaemic durability of an early combination therapy with vildagliptin and metformin versus sequential metformin monotherapy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (VERIFY): a 5-year, multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial.
    Lancet. 2019; 394: 1519-1529
    View in Article

    • Google Scholar
14. • Henry R.R.
    • Murray A.V.
    • Marmolejo M.H.
    • Hennicken D.
    • Ptaszynska A.
    • List J.F.
    Dapagliflozin, metformin XR, or both: initial pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes, a randomised controlled trial.
    Int J Clin Pract. 2012; 66: 446-456
    View in Article

    • Google Scholar
15. • Phung O.J.
    • Sobieraj D.M.
    • Engel S.S.
    • Rajpathak S.N.
    Early combination therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014; 16: 410-417
    View in Article

    • Google Scholar
16. • Scheen A.J.
    SGLT2 inhibitors as add-on therapy to metformin for people with type 2 diabetes: a review of placebo-controlled trials in Asian versus Non-Asian Patients.
    Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2020; 13 (Aug 5): 2765-2779
    View in Article

    • Google Scholar
17. • Scheen A.J.
    Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties and clinical use of SGLT2 inhibitors in non-Asian and Asian patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
    Clin Pharmacokinet. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1007/s40262-40020-00885-z
    View in Article

    • Google Scholar
18. • Cai X.
    • Gao X.
    • Yang W.
    • et al.
    No disparity of the efficacy and all-cause mortality between Asian and non-Asian type 2 diabetes patients with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors treatment: a meta-analysis.
    J Diabetes Investig. 2018; 9: 850-861
    View in Article

    • Google Scholar
19. • Abushanab D.
    • Liew D.
    • Marquina C.
    • Al-Badriyeh D.
    • Ademi Z.
    Cost-effectiveness of empagliflozin and metformin combination versus standard care as first-line therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Endocr Pract. 2022; 28: 16-24
    View in Article

    • Google Scholar
20. • Schnell O.
    • Standl E.
    • Catrinoiu D.
    • et al.
    Report from the 4th Cardiovascular Outcome Trial (CVOT) summit of the Diabetes & Cardiovascular Disease (D&CVD) EASD study group.
    Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2019; 18: 30https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-019-0822-4
    View in Article

    • Google Scholar