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Giant cell arteritis: Update on clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) – previously known as Horton's disease or temporal arteritis – is the most common vasculitis affecting people older than 50 years [1]. GCA is characterized by granulomatous inflammation affecting large- and medium- sized arteries, leading to acute and chronic damage [2]. Apart from the clear-cut association with older age, other factors such as genetic variants in the major histocompatibility complex region, particularly the human leukocyte antigen DRB1*04:04, have been described to be related to the development of GCA [3].The 3Ds – Discussion, diagnosis and direction: Elements for effective obesity care by healthcare professionals
Obesity is a chronic disease associated with multiple health complications [1]. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has made evident the impact obesity can have on health outcomes, whereby people with obesity (PwO) are more likely to require hospitalisation, require mechanical ventilation and suffer serious complications from the infection than those without obesity [2-6]. As a multifactorial disease, successful weight management requires multidisciplinary care [7-9]. In practice, the care received by PwO is frequently suboptimal, owing to differing perceptions about obesity of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients, and clinical barriers such as unavailability or cost of certain treatments and services, and time pressures faced by HCPs [10, 11].An update on IgG4-related lung disease
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by substantial infiltration of plasma cells with IgG4 in target organs. Lung manifestations predominantly present as inflammatory pseudotumor, interstitial pneumonitis, organizing pneumonia, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis. There is no specific diagnostic test for IgG4-related lung disease (IgG4-RLD), and excluding diseases that mimic IgG4-RLD is important. Corticosteroids with or without disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs are recommended for treatment.
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